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OCO-2 Publications

OCO-2 Publications between 2014 - December 31, 2025. See More >>

The following list compiles publications resulting from the OCO-2 mission, covering a wide range of topics, including spectroscopy, calibration, retrieval algorithm development, uncertainty quantification, top-down atmospheric inversion methodologies, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, carbon-climate interactions, point source and urban emission quantification, and various scientific and real-world applications. These publications either describe or utilize data products derived from the OCO-2 mission. Those data products include Level 1B (radiance) to Level 4 produced by both the project team and the broader scientific community. If you have any questions, please contact our Science Team Lead, Junjie Liu.


Publication Search

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2026
Kashyap, R., and J. Kuttippurath
Increased moisture stress and weakened resilience to aridity limit global greening Science of The Total Environment, 1015, 181416
Yang, J., J. Tan, R. Xia, Y. Liu, A. Morse, and Q. Mu
Substantial Discrepancies Across Global Satellite XCO2 Products: A Systematic Evaluation Remote Sensing, 18, 2, 371
Ciais, P., P. Ke, Y. Yao, S. Sitch, W. Li, Y. Xu, X. Du, X. Gui, A. Bastos, S. Zaehle, B. Poulter, T. Colligan, A. van der Woude, W. Peters, Z. Liu, Z. Jin, X. Tian, Y. Wang, J. Liu, S. Pandey, C. O’Dell, J. Bian, C. Zhou, J. Miller, X. Lan, J. Goncalves De Souza, M. O’Sullivan, P. Friedlingstein, G. van der Werf, G. Peters, and F. Chevallier
Low latency global carbon budget indicates reduced land carbon sink in the year 2024 National Science Review, 13, 2
Cao, Y., Z. Xu, Y. Yang, C. Zhang, and N. Qin
From site to region: Performance evaluation of remote sensing-derived GPP products across China Advances in Space Research
Li, J., Z. Zhang, T. Li, Q. Yuan, and L. Zhang
Global daily seamless XCO2 Mapping (2016–2020): Spatio-temporal trends and variations during wildfire events International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 146, 105092
Descals, A., I. Janssens, and J. Peñuelas
Amazon forest nutrient limitation is mitigated by distant fire emissions Nature Geosci
Fan, X., Q. Zhu, Y. Wei, N. Yao, G. Zhao, Q. Yu, and G. Wu
Remote sensing proxies underestimate fire-induced gross primary productivity loss and overestimate recovery in forests Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 378, 110963
Das, C., R. Kunchala, P. K. Patra, N. Chandra, K. Ishijima, and T. Machida
An assessment of a CO2 transport model simulations using surface, aircraft and satellite data (2015–2021) Atmospheric Environment, 368, 121754
Fan, D., T. Cheng, H. Zhu, X. Ye, T. Tang, H. Tong, X. Li, J. Xiong, S. Yin, and L. Zhang
Accelerating net-zero transition: Satellite insight reveals Decarbonization potential of coal-fired power plants Applied Energy, 406, 127293
Yu, Y., W. Tian, L. Zhang, T. Yu, Y. Wu, and T. Cheng
MCF-XCO2: A cross-mission consistency and fusion framework for integrating multi-satellite XCO2 observations Atmospheric Research, 334, 108747
Xue, C., M. Zan, S. Yang, J. Zhou, L. Zhai, Z. Zhao, and J. Ke
Emulating vegetation phenology in Xinjiang using GOSIF data: Investigating cumulative and lagged responses to drought Journal of Environmental Management, 397, 128274
Jin, J., L. Dong, G. Gan, X. Fan, Y. Wang, Q. Zhu, R. Doughty, Y. Qin, and G. Yang
Daily global transpiration estimation (2001–2018) by integrating satellite solar-induced fluorescence and spatially heterogeneous slope parameter in a conductance-photosynthesis model Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 378, 110993
Anniwaer, N., X. Li, H. Xu, K. Wang, and Z. Zhu
Decadal changes in summer and autumn soil moisture drive dual shifts in Eurasian grassland vegetation growth trends during 1982–2018 Global and Planetary Change, 256, 105137
Lin, S., H. Wang, W. Bai, C. Gao, and Q. Ge
Heatwaves exacerbate the effects of early-season drought on peak vegetation growth in the Northern Hemisphere Global and Planetary Change, 256, 105139
Wang, H., Q. Xie, S. E. Thompson, C. Moore, D. Miller, E. Veneklaas, R. Silberstein, X. Li, J. Xiao, B. Medlyn, and W. K. Smith
Satellite observations reveal ecosystem resistance and resilience to short-term water stress driven by dominant vegetation along a rainfall gradient in Australia Remote Sensing of Environment, 332, 115046
Shao, W., T. Yue, and L. Zhang, W. Tian, H. Wang, H. Zhou, C. Wu, and L. Zhang
Mapping daily 1-km resolution XCO2 in China using deep learning and multi-source data Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 227, 108755
Wefers, W., D. Schmidt, L. Lehnert, M. Reuter, M. Buchwitz, C. Kammann, and K. Velten
Global 20-year time series of XCO concentrations derived from satellite observations and interpolations to analyze XCO anomalies caused by wildfires Atmospheric Research, 328, 1, 108408
2025
Ma, Y., X. Guan, Y. Wang, Y. Li, D. Lin, and H. Shen
GPP estimation by transfer learning with combined solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and eddy covariance data International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 139, 104503
Huang, Y., M. Ju, S. Sun, R. Wang, and S. Fong
A Multifactor Deep Forest Regression Stepwise Downscaling Framework for High-Resolution XCO 2 in China IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-14
Zhao, J., A. Paschalis, P. Gentine, Z. Feng, and S. Fatichi
Limited capability of current satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence reconstructions to capture stomatal responses to environmental stresses Communications Earth & Environment, 7, 1
Yan, L., Z. Feng, C. Chen, J. Chen, and H. Xie
Differences in spring green up date and climate sensitivities of forest and grassland ecosystems across China Geo-spatial Information Science, 1-20
Chen, H., J. Liu, W. He, P. Xu, N. Nguyen, Y. Lv, and C. Huang
Shifted vegetation resilience from loss to gain driven by changes in water availability and solar radiation over the last two decades in Southwest China Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 368, 110543
Zhang, G., H. Wang, S. Zhang, T. Gan, J. Zhao, X. Su, and X. Fu
Spring phenology and productivity alter vegetation vulnerability under summer droughts over Northern Hemisphere Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 368, 110555
Tang, J., B. Niu, Z. Hu, G. Fu, and X. Zhang
Increasing susceptibility of vegetation productivity to compound drought from 2001 to 2020 Global and Planetary Change, 251, 104826
Gao, S., S. Huang, H. Guo, H. Yan, L. Zhang, Y. Li, W. Guo, X. Zhu, H. Ling, L. Ma, W. Tao, G. Leng, and Q. Huang
Land quality degradation exacerbates the impact of drought on vegetation in Northeast China Ecological Indicators, 181, 114447
Doughty, R., M. Wimberly, D. Wanyama, H. Peiro, N. Parazoo, S. Crowell, and M. Cho
Seasonality and synchrony of photosynthesis in African forests inferred from spaceborne chlorophyll fluorescence and vegetation indices Biogeosciences, 22, 8, 1985-2004
Keely, W., S. Mauceri, R. Nelson, J. Laughner, C. O’Dell, S. T. Massie, D. Baker, M. Kiel, O. Lamminpää, J. Hobbs, A. Chatterjee, T. Taylor, P. Wennberg, S. Crowell, B. B. Stephens, and V. H. Payne
Uncertainty‐Aware Machine Learning Bias Correction and Filtering for OCO‐2. 2 Earth and Space Science, 12, 11
Yu, H., Q. Yao, L. Qiu, Z. Mo, and T. Tan
Earlier end of photosynthesis driven by advanced photosynthetic onset and elevated early-season temperatures Environmental Research Letters, 20, 12, 124021
You, C., S. Chen, Z. Tu, C. Bian, E. Cui, K. Huang, F. Wan, J. Ping, N. Wei, and J. Xia
Decadal trends in global grassland growth peaks and their drivers since the 1980s Nat Commun, 16, 1
Wang, Y., X. She, C. Zhu, J. Chen, D. Kong, W. Shi, X. Guan, Q. Xie, X. Gao, W. Li, and Y. Li
Unveiling the accuracy of global GPP products in data-scarce mountain ecosystems of Southwest China International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 144, 104908
Meng, F., S. Hedberg, N. Cong, A. Post, K. Wilcox, W. Mao, A. Knapp, M. A. Smith, T. Dorji, and A. Chen
Divergent Shifts in the Climatic Controls of Phenology Across Great Plains Grasslands J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 130, 10
Liu, Y., H. Wan, P. Guo, W. Liu, Z. Han, and Y. Jiao
Quantifying winter wheat phenology patterns in the North China Plain using Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Agricultural Water Management, 320, 109885
Zhang, X., J. Liu, C. Yang, X. Gu, A. Gulakhmadov, J. Zeng, H. Ma, Z. Chen, L. Zhao, L. Du, P. Kumar, M. Kganyago, V. Costa, W. Nam, P. Sun, Y. J. Shen, D. Niyogi, and N. Chen
Disentangling vegetation physiological responses under extreme drought in the Amazon Rainforest: A multispectral remote sensing approach with insights from ET, SIF, and VOD ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 230, 599-615
Huang, Y., H. Zhang, X. Ma, T. Shi, G. Han, Z. Pei, H. Mao, and W. Gong
Advanced satellite-based model for precise measurement of point source CO 2 emission Geo-spatial Information Science, 1-16
Li, Y., Y. Lv, H. Yao, C. Li, S. Xv, and X. Li, and X. Li
Spatiotemporal evaluation of atmospheric CO2 fluctuations in Shaanxi Province (2013–2022) utilizing multi-source satellite remote sensing data Carbon Balance and Management, 20, 1
Li, Y., X. Lian, J. Cui, S. Hong, and X. Wang
Vegetation Productivity Responses to Compound and Individual Climatic Stressors in Drylands JGR Biogeosciences, 130, 8
Li, X., H. Guo, G. Cheng, X. Song, Y. Ran, M. Feng, T. Che, Li, X., L. Wang, A. Duan, D. Shangguan, D. Chen, R. Jin, J. Deng, J. Su, and B. Cao
Polar regions are critical in achieving global sustainable development goals Remote Sensing of Environment, 16, 1, 114748
Pan, M., X. Lin, Z. Xiao, F. Wang, L. Guo, C. Wang, J. Xie, and J. Fang
Improving terrestrial solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) reconstruction through multi-satellite-derived SIF integration: a comparative study in regional scale International Journal of Remote Sensing, 46, 19, 7147-7172
Zhang, Q., J. Dong, Z. Xu, W. Nam, J. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Qin, S. Gao, S. Huang, H. Tian, Q. Yu, and Q. Ge
Energy shortages undermine agricultural drought resistance in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Nature Food, 6, 10, 936-941
Chen, R., M. Zou, C. Chen, H. Xie, C. Zhou, H. Mao, and Z. Wang
A Multigranularity Spatiotemporal Attention Model Based on Multisource Satellite Data for Monthly XCO 2 Reconstruction Over China IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-15
Gadhavi, H., A. Arora, C. Jain, M. K. Sha, F. Hase, M. Frey, S. Ramachandran, and A. Jayaraman
Validation and assessment of satellite-based columnar CO 2 and CH 4 mixing ratios from GOSAT and OCO-2 satellites over India Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 17, 4497-4514
Zhang, Y., and A. Rigden
Cascading Spatial Scales in the Hydrological Cycle Over Africa Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 16
Singha Roy, E., S. Philip, M. C. Johnson, D. Baker, J. Liu, S. Basu, F. Chevallier, F. Jiang, X. Li, Z. Liu, S. M. Miller, J. Xiao, and N. Zeng
Gross primary production variations dominate the response of Indian terrestrial carbon fluxes to global climatic phenomena Nature Communications Earth and Environment
Wang, X., Z. Guo, K. Zhang, Z. Fu, C. Lee, D. Yang, M. Detto, Y. Zhang, and J. Wu
Can Large‐Scale Satellite Products Track the Effects of Atmospheric Dryness and Soil Water Deficit on Ecosystem Productivity Under Droughts? J. Geophys. Res., 52, 8
Lee, J., S. Jeong, Y. Kim, S. Roh, J. Kim, and H. Jin
Synergy of Multiple‐Satellite Measurements to Fill the Gap of Global XCO2 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 130, 16
Li, D., J. Chen, G. Duveiller, C. Frankenberg, P. Köhler, and K. Yu
A more precise retrieval of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from satellite data using artificial neural networks Remote Sensing of Environment, 330, 114987
Yadav, B., L. Sharma, and B. Bijarniya
Predicting Forest Evapotranspiration using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLVIII-G-2025, 1611-1619
B. Konovalov, I., N. A. Golovushkin, and E. A. Mareev
Characterization of the Regional Carbon Balance Based on Satellite Observations of Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere and Hydrosphere Physics, 523, 2
Kukkurainen, A., A. Lipponen, N. Sabater, A. Arola, and V. Kolehmainen
Simulation Study on Improving Spectrally Resolved Solar-Induced Fluorescence Satellite Retrievals Under Uncertain Atmospheric States IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-9
Liu, J., X. Zhang, X. Deng, and H. Wang
Enhancing CYGNSS Soil Moisture Retrieval Accuracy by Considering the Lag Effect of Sun-Induced Fluorescence IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 19840-19852
Jin, J., Y. Huang, C. Wei, X. Wang, X. Xu, Q. Gu, and M. Wang
Analysis of CO2 Concentration and Fluxes of Lisbon Portugal Using Regional CO2 Assimilation Method Based on WRF-Chem Atmosphere, 16, 7, 847
Li, T., B. Fu, Y. Lü, Y. Ran, C. Du, Z. Zhao, C. Sun, H. Wang, B. Huang, and X. Wu
The thickening of the active layer will negate the promoting effect on vegetation productivity in permafrost regions Environmental Research Letters, 20, 5, 054042
Shao, W., C. Wu, T. Yue, N. Zhao, and Y. Hu
Prediction of Gross Primary Productivity Change in Central Asia Under Climate Change Using Deep Learning IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 11031-11046
Jiang, B., W. Chen, S. Li, B. Hua, T. Sakai, R. Singh, and C. Wu
Complex interactions of 'water-light-heat' climatic conditions on spring phenology in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 367, 110520
Xu, X., X. Wang, J. Xiao, S. Zhang, Y. Yang, X. Li, T. Sha, and Z. Li
Inconsistencies in global soil moisture products and discrepancies in their relationship with vegetation productivity Journal of Hydrology, 659, 133298
Gao, S., P. Nagler, W. Woodgate, A. Huete, and T. Doody
Advancing broadscale spatial evapotranspiration modelling by incorporating sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements Journal of Hydrology, 660, 133404
Zhang, M., X. Yuan, Z. Zeng, M. Pan, P. Wu, J. Xiao, and T. F. Keenan
A pronounced decline in northern vegetation resistance to flash droughts from 2001 to 2022 Nat Commun, 16, 1
Huang, X., H. Yang, S. Qiao, Y. Yao, L. Cui, H. Fan, Q. Lv, Y. Qiao, and G. Feng
Spatiotemporal estimation of near-surface CO 2 concentrations over the global continent based on hybrid machine learning model Annals of GIS, 31, 2, 191-206
Bao, D., Z. Ma, L. Zhong, J. Yan, Y. Li, and L. Sun
Graph attention network-based multi-source data fusion for atmospheric CO 2 concentrations estimation International Journal of Digital Earth, 18, 1
Alagade, A., and M. Sahu
Satellite-based assessment and forecasting of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in Indian megacities using advanced statistical methods Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32, 24, 15006-15024
Chevallier, F., A. Martinez, Z. Lloret, S. Takache, and A. Cozic
Offline Atmospheric Transport on a Global Mesh of Hexagons J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 130, 11
Lian, X., Y. Li, J. Liu, K. Kornhuber, and P. Gentine
Northern ecosystem productivity reduced by Rossby-wave-driven hot–dry conditions Nature Geosci, 18, 7, 615-623
Hu, Z., I. Wright, P. Reich, A. Knapp, G. Ye, H. Wang, J. Chave, X. Zeng, G. Yang, L. Dai, and G. Yu
Towards unifying precipitation-vegetation productivity relationships in terrestrial ecosystems Fundamental Research
Svoboda, M., O. Kira, Y. Sun, W. K. Smith, T. Magney, J. D. Wood, and N. Parazoo
Monitoring the Pulse of America's Natural Resources From the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Missions AGU Advances, 6, 5
Pandey, S.
Taking Earth's Carbon Pulse From Space AGU Advances, 6, 5
Hu, C., H. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Cui, F. Sun, X. Shi, J. Zhang, Y. Yang, L. Zhang, B. Qi, Q. Xiao, N. Hu, T. J. Griffis, and W. Xiao
Observed CO2 concentration reveals steep decrease of anthropogenic emissions in winters of 2021 and 2022 in Hangzhou and Yangtze River Delta region, China Science of The Total Environment, 974, 178884
Chalmers, C., Y. Zhang, J. Xiao, X. Li, and A. Rigden
Defining the agricultural wet season over Africa using satellite soil moisture Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 18, e2025GL118236
Teng, Y., H. Zhang, Y. Zhan, X. Liu, Z. Chang, Y. Chen, and H. Liu
Dynamic correlation analysis of sectoral electricity consumption and urban carbon concentration using machine learning models Scientific Reports, 15, 1
Manzoor, A., N. Habib, and S. Abbas
Performance of NDVI and GOSIF in monitoring vegetation responses to rainfall in a desert ecosystem Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 39, 101621
Han, L., Y. Chen, C. Wu, L. Yao, Y. Wang, C. Su, X. Li, A. da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, T. Freire da Silva, and X. Tang
Divergent drought-induced suppression on vegetation and associated feedbacks: Satellite-based observations in 2022 across the Yangtze River basin, China Journal of Hydrology, 661, 133673
Zhang, J., X. Hao, Y. Liu, X. Li, Q. Liang, F. Sun, M. Ci, and Y. Li
Vegetation greening does not significantly enhance ecosystem resilience in the Northern Hemisphere Ecological Indicators, 177, 113762
Zhang, W., Q. Guo, G. Wu, K. Manevski, and S. Li
Long-Term Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Grassland Growing Season Length on the Mongolian Plateau Remote Sensing, 17, 9, 1560
Ding, J., H. Liu, K. Zhang, and L. Li
A Method to Weaken Cloud Interference in Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) Reconstruction by Using Satellite VOD Observations IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 14535-14544
Miao, L., Z. Yu, X. Zhu, E. Agathokleous, G. Bao, P. Iqbal, and Q. Liu
Grassland growth response to drought in dryland Inner Mongolia: insights from a two-decade analysis Environmental Research Letters, 20, 7, 074038
Marchetti, C., J. Hobbs, P. Somkuti, and J. Laughner
A Study on Inferring Daytime Variations of XCO2 ${\text{XCO}}_{2}$ From Current and Future Space‐Based Missions Earth and Space Science, 12, 8
Zhang, L., X. Cao, H. Yan, L. Chen, P. Zhang, X. Zhang, P. Gao, and G. Liu
Does the Satellite Sensing Column-Averaged Dry-Air Mole Fraction CO2 (XCO2) Require Oxygen Concentration From O2–A Band for Normalizing? IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-13
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