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OCO-2 Publications

OCO-2 Publications between 2014 - December 31, 2025. See More >>

The following list compiles publications resulting from the OCO-2 mission, covering a wide range of topics, including spectroscopy, calibration, retrieval algorithm development, uncertainty quantification, top-down atmospheric inversion methodologies, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, carbon-climate interactions, point source and urban emission quantification, and various scientific and real-world applications. These publications either describe or utilize data products derived from the OCO-2 mission. Those data products include Level 1B (radiance) to Level 4 produced by both the project team and the broader scientific community. If you have any questions, please contact our Science Team Lead, Junjie Liu.


Publication Search

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2026
Wang, H., Q. Xie, S. E. Thompson, C. Moore, D. Miller, E. Veneklaas, R. Silberstein, X. Li, J. Xiao, B. Medlyn, and W. K. Smith
Satellite observations reveal ecosystem resistance and resilience to short-term water stress driven by dominant vegetation along a rainfall gradient in Australia Remote Sensing of Environment, 332, 115046
Shao, W., T. Yue, and L. Zhang, W. Tian, H. Wang, H. Zhou, C. Wu, and L. Zhang
Mapping daily 1-km resolution XCO2 in China using deep learning and multi-source data Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 227, 108755
Wefers, W., D. Schmidt, L. Lehnert, M. Reuter, M. Buchwitz, C. Kammann, and K. Velten
Global 20-year time series of XCO concentrations derived from satellite observations and interpolations to analyze XCO anomalies caused by wildfires Atmospheric Research, 328, 1, 108408
2025
Wang, Y., X. She, C. Zhu, J. Chen, D. Kong, W. Shi, X. Guan, Q. Xie, X. Gao, W. Li, and Y. Li
Unveiling the accuracy of global GPP products in data-scarce mountain ecosystems of Southwest China International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 144, 104908
Meng, F., S. Hedberg, N. Cong, A. Post, K. Wilcox, W. Mao, A. Knapp, M. A. Smith, T. Dorji, and A. Chen
Divergent Shifts in the Climatic Controls of Phenology Across Great Plains Grasslands J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 130, 10
Liu, Y., H. Wan, P. Guo, W. Liu, Z. Han, and Y. Jiao
Quantifying winter wheat phenology patterns in the North China Plain using Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Agricultural Water Management, 320, 109885
Zhang, X., J. Liu, C. Yang, X. Gu, A. Gulakhmadov, J. Zeng, H. Ma, Z. Chen, L. Zhao, L. Du, P. Kumar, M. Kganyago, V. Costa, W. Nam, P. Sun, Y. J. Shen, D. Niyogi, and N. Chen
Disentangling vegetation physiological responses under extreme drought in the Amazon Rainforest: A multispectral remote sensing approach with insights from ET, SIF, and VOD ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 230, 599-615
Huang, Y., H. Zhang, X. Ma, T. Shi, G. Han, Z. Pei, H. Mao, and W. Gong
Advanced satellite-based model for precise measurement of point source CO 2 emission Geo-spatial Information Science, 1-16
Li, Y., Y. Lv, H. Yao, C. Li, S. Xv, and X. Li, and X. Li
Spatiotemporal evaluation of atmospheric CO2 fluctuations in Shaanxi Province (2013–2022) utilizing multi-source satellite remote sensing data Carbon Balance and Management, 20, 1
Li, Y., X. Lian, J. Cui, S. Hong, and X. Wang
Vegetation Productivity Responses to Compound and Individual Climatic Stressors in Drylands JGR Biogeosciences, 130, 8
Li, X., H. Guo, G. Cheng, X. Song, Y. Ran, M. Feng, T. Che, Li, X., L. Wang, A. Duan, D. Shangguan, D. Chen, R. Jin, J. Deng, J. Su, and B. Cao
Polar regions are critical in achieving global sustainable development goals Remote Sensing of Environment, 16, 1, 114748
Pan, M., X. Lin, Z. Xiao, F. Wang, L. Guo, C. Wang, J. Xie, and J. Fang
Improving terrestrial solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) reconstruction through multi-satellite-derived SIF integration: a comparative study in regional scale International Journal of Remote Sensing, 46, 19, 7147-7172
Zhang, Q., J. Dong, Z. Xu, W. Nam, J. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Qin, S. Gao, S. Huang, H. Tian, Q. Yu, and Q. Ge
Energy shortages undermine agricultural drought resistance in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Nature Food, 6, 10, 936-941
Chen, R., M. Zou, C. Chen, H. Xie, C. Zhou, H. Mao, and Z. Wang
A Multigranularity Spatiotemporal Attention Model Based on Multisource Satellite Data for Monthly XCO 2 Reconstruction Over China IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-15
Gadhavi, H., A. Arora, C. Jain, M. K. Sha, F. Hase, M. Frey, S. Ramachandran, and A. Jayaraman
Validation and assessment of satellite-based columnar CO 2 and CH 4 mixing ratios from GOSAT and OCO-2 satellites over India Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 17, 4497-4514
Zhang, Y., and A. Rigden
Cascading Spatial Scales in the Hydrological Cycle Over Africa Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 16
Singha Roy, E., S. Philip, M. C. Johnson, D. Baker, J. Liu, S. Basu, F. Chevallier, F. Jiang, X. Li, Z. Liu, S. M. Miller, J. Xiao, and N. Zeng
Gross primary production variations dominate the response of Indian terrestrial carbon fluxes to global climatic phenomena Nature Communications Earth and Environment
Wang, X., Z. Guo, K. Zhang, Z. Fu, C. Lee, D. Yang, M. Detto, Y. Zhang, and J. Wu
Can Large‐Scale Satellite Products Track the Effects of Atmospheric Dryness and Soil Water Deficit on Ecosystem Productivity Under Droughts? J. Geophys. Res., 52, 8
Lee, J., S. Jeong, Y. Kim, S. Roh, J. Kim, and H. Jin
Synergy of Multiple‐Satellite Measurements to Fill the Gap of Global XCO2 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 130, 16
Li, D., J. Chen, G. Duveiller, C. Frankenberg, P. Köhler, and K. Yu
A more precise retrieval of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from satellite data using artificial neural networks Remote Sensing of Environment, 330, 114987
Yadav, B., L. Sharma, and B. Bijarniya
Predicting Forest Evapotranspiration using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLVIII-G-2025, 1611-1619
B. Konovalov, I., N. A. Golovushkin, and E. A. Mareev
Characterization of the Regional Carbon Balance Based on Satellite Observations of Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere and Hydrosphere Physics, 523, 2
Kukkurainen, A., A. Lipponen, N. Sabater, A. Arola, and V. Kolehmainen
Simulation Study on Improving Spectrally Resolved Solar-Induced Fluorescence Satellite Retrievals Under Uncertain Atmospheric States IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-9
Liu, J., X. Zhang, X. Deng, and H. Wang
Enhancing CYGNSS Soil Moisture Retrieval Accuracy by Considering the Lag Effect of Sun-Induced Fluorescence IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 19840-19852
Jin, J., Y. Huang, C. Wei, X. Wang, X. Xu, Q. Gu, and M. Wang
Analysis of CO2 Concentration and Fluxes of Lisbon Portugal Using Regional CO2 Assimilation Method Based on WRF-Chem Atmosphere, 16, 7, 847
Li, T., B. Fu, Y. Lü, Y. Ran, C. Du, Z. Zhao, C. Sun, H. Wang, B. Huang, and X. Wu
The thickening of the active layer will negate the promoting effect on vegetation productivity in permafrost regions Environmental Research Letters, 20, 5, 054042
Shao, W., C. Wu, T. Yue, N. Zhao, and Y. Hu
Prediction of Gross Primary Productivity Change in Central Asia Under Climate Change Using Deep Learning IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 11031-11046
Jiang, B., W. Chen, S. Li, B. Hua, T. Sakai, R. Singh, and C. Wu
Complex interactions of 'water-light-heat' climatic conditions on spring phenology in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 367, 110520
Xu, X., X. Wang, J. Xiao, S. Zhang, Y. Yang, X. Li, T. Sha, and Z. Li
Inconsistencies in global soil moisture products and discrepancies in their relationship with vegetation productivity Journal of Hydrology, 659, 133298
Gao, S., P. Nagler, W. Woodgate, A. Huete, and T. Doody
Advancing broadscale spatial evapotranspiration modelling by incorporating sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements Journal of Hydrology, 660, 133404
Zhang, M., X. Yuan, Z. Zeng, M. Pan, P. Wu, J. Xiao, and T. F. Keenan
A pronounced decline in northern vegetation resistance to flash droughts from 2001 to 2022 Nat Commun, 16, 1
Huang, X., H. Yang, S. Qiao, Y. Yao, L. Cui, H. Fan, Q. Lv, Y. Qiao, and G. Feng
Spatiotemporal estimation of near-surface CO 2 concentrations over the global continent based on hybrid machine learning model Annals of GIS, 31, 2, 191-206
Bao, D., Z. Ma, L. Zhong, J. Yan, Y. Li, and L. Sun
Graph attention network-based multi-source data fusion for atmospheric CO 2 concentrations estimation International Journal of Digital Earth, 18, 1
Alagade, A., and M. Sahu
Satellite-based assessment and forecasting of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in Indian megacities using advanced statistical methods Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32, 24, 15006-15024
Chevallier, F., A. Martinez, Z. Lloret, S. Takache, and A. Cozic
Offline Atmospheric Transport on a Global Mesh of Hexagons J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 130, 11
Lian, X., Y. Li, J. Liu, K. Kornhuber, and P. Gentine
Northern ecosystem productivity reduced by Rossby-wave-driven hot–dry conditions Nature Geosci, 18, 7, 615-623
Hu, Z., I. Wright, P. Reich, A. Knapp, G. Ye, H. Wang, J. Chave, X. Zeng, G. Yang, L. Dai, and G. Yu
Towards unifying precipitation-vegetation productivity relationships in terrestrial ecosystems Fundamental Research
Svoboda, M., O. Kira, Y. Sun, W. K. Smith, T. Magney, J. D. Wood, and N. Parazoo
Monitoring the Pulse of America's Natural Resources From the Orbiting Carbon Observatory Missions AGU Advances, 6, 5
Pandey, S.
Taking Earth's Carbon Pulse From Space AGU Advances, 6, 5
Hu, C., H. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Cui, F. Sun, X. Shi, J. Zhang, Y. Yang, L. Zhang, B. Qi, Q. Xiao, N. Hu, T. J. Griffis, and W. Xiao
Observed CO2 concentration reveals steep decrease of anthropogenic emissions in winters of 2021 and 2022 in Hangzhou and Yangtze River Delta region, China Science of The Total Environment, 974, 178884
Chalmers, C., Y. Zhang, J. Xiao, X. Li, and A. Rigden
Defining the agricultural wet season over Africa using satellite soil moisture Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 18, e2025GL118236
Teng, Y., H. Zhang, Y. Zhan, X. Liu, Z. Chang, Y. Chen, and H. Liu
Dynamic correlation analysis of sectoral electricity consumption and urban carbon concentration using machine learning models Scientific Reports, 15, 1
Manzoor, A., N. Habib, and S. Abbas
Performance of NDVI and GOSIF in monitoring vegetation responses to rainfall in a desert ecosystem Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 39, 101621
Han, L., Y. Chen, C. Wu, L. Yao, Y. Wang, C. Su, X. Li, A. da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, T. Freire da Silva, and X. Tang
Divergent drought-induced suppression on vegetation and associated feedbacks: Satellite-based observations in 2022 across the Yangtze River basin, China Journal of Hydrology, 661, 133673
Zhang, J., X. Hao, Y. Liu, X. Li, Q. Liang, F. Sun, M. Ci, and Y. Li
Vegetation greening does not significantly enhance ecosystem resilience in the Northern Hemisphere Ecological Indicators, 177, 113762
Zhang, W., Q. Guo, G. Wu, K. Manevski, and S. Li
Long-Term Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Grassland Growing Season Length on the Mongolian Plateau Remote Sensing, 17, 9, 1560
Ding, J., H. Liu, K. Zhang, and L. Li
A Method to Weaken Cloud Interference in Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) Reconstruction by Using Satellite VOD Observations IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 18, 14535-14544
Miao, L., Z. Yu, X. Zhu, E. Agathokleous, G. Bao, P. Iqbal, and Q. Liu
Grassland growth response to drought in dryland Inner Mongolia: insights from a two-decade analysis Environmental Research Letters, 20, 7, 074038
Marchetti, C., J. Hobbs, P. Somkuti, and J. Laughner
A Study on Inferring Daytime Variations of XCO2 ${\text{XCO}}_{2}$ From Current and Future Space‐Based Missions Earth and Space Science, 12, 8
Zhang, L., X. Cao, H. Yan, L. Chen, P. Zhang, X. Zhang, P. Gao, and G. Liu
Does the Satellite Sensing Column-Averaged Dry-Air Mole Fraction CO2 (XCO2) Require Oxygen Concentration From O2–A Band for Normalizing? IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 63, 1-13
Liu, X., K. Zhou, and Q. Zhang
Using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate forest evapotranspiration Journal of Hydrology, 661, 133595
Fontellas Laurito, H., T. Gomes da Silva, N. La Scala, and G. de Souza Rolim
Extracting XCO2-NASA data with XCODEX: a Python package designed for data extraction and structuration Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197, 7
Chen, J., H. Yang, C. Zhong, T. Jin, Z. Zhang, Z. Hu, and K. Wu
Characterizing seasonal lag relationship between leaf area index and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in China Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 371, 110630
Zhang, Y., J. Gao, D. Zhang, T. Liang, Z. Wang, X. Zhang, Z. Ma, and J. Yang
Improved estimation of forage nitrogen in alpine grassland by integrating Sentinel-2 and SIF data Plant Methods, 21, 1
R. Nelson, R., S. S. Kulawik, C. W. O’Dell, J. McDuffie, and A. Eldering
Improving OCO‐2 XCO2 Retrievals Through the Scaling of Singular Value Decomposition‐Based Temperature and Water Vapor Profiles Earth and Space Science, 12, 5
Das, S., M. Kiel, J. Laughner, G. Osterman, C. O’Dell, T. Taylor, B. Fisher, F. Chevallier, N. Deutscher, M. Dubey, D. G. Feist, O. Garcia, D. Griffith, F. Hase, L. Iraci, R. Kivi, I. Morino, J. Notholt, H. Ohyama, D. Pollard, S. Roche, C. Roehl, C. Rousogenous, M. K. Sha, K. Shiomi, K. Strong, R. Sussmann, Y. Té, G. Toon, M. Vrekoussis, P. Wang, T. Warneke, P. Wennberg, A. Chatterjee, V. H. Payne, and D. Wunch
Comparisons of the v11.1 Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) XCO2 Measurements With GGG2020 TCCON Earth and Space Science, 12, 7
Umuhoza, J., G. Jiapaer, Y. Tao, J. Bai, E. Hakorimana, L. Zhang, H. Liang, K. Lin, and T. Ju
Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa Global Ecology and Conservation, 61, e03649
Liao, J., Y. Xu, J. Pi, Y. Li, C. Ke, W. Zhan, and J. Chen
Widespread Sensitivity of Vegetation to the Transition From Normal Droughts to Flash Droughts Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 6
Gu, X., L. Zhou, Q. Liang, E. Xu, and Y. Chi
Biome‐Specific Responses of GOSIF Gross Primary Productivity to Wildfires in South America JGR Biogeosciences, 130, 7, e2025JG008986
Jacobson, J., M. Bertolacci, A. Zammit-Mangion, A. Schuh, and N. Cressie
WOMBAT v2.S: A Bayesian inversion framework for attributing global CO2 flux components from multiprocess data Environmetrics, 36, 8, e70052
Dai, L., M. Liang, A. Chen, G. Yang, C. Jin, W. Yuan, and Z. Hu
Increased Asymmetry of Ecosystem Productivity Responses to Precipitation in Recent Two Decades Geophys. Res. Lett., 52, 6
Bai, W., H. Wang, J. Xiao, X. Li, and Q. Ge
Impacts of meteorological drought on peak vegetation productivity of grasslands from perspectives of canopy structure and leaf physiology International Journal of Biometeorology, 69, 5, 1085-1100
Fang, J., X. Lian, Y. Ryu, S. Jeong, C. Jiang, and P. Gentine
A long-term reconstruction of a global photosynthesis proxy over 1982–2023 Scientific Data, 12, 1
Luo, Z., T. He, Z. Lv, J. Zhao, Z. Zhang, Y. Wang, W. Yi, S. Lu, K. He, and H. Liu
Insights into transportation CO2 emissions with big data and artificial intelligence Patterns, 6, 4, 101186
Afrianto, F., A. Salsabillah, and A. Hariyanto
Big Data and Satellite Imagery for Energy Efficiency Mapping in Indonesia: Indonesian Journal of Energy, 8, 1, 37-61
Ren, J., J. Xiao, J. Ma, and P. He
Quantitative assessment of the potential benefits of global afforestation on ecosystem productivity Environmental Research Letters, 20, 3, 034055
Liu, Z., Y. Fu, D. Chen, T. Crowther, R. Ding, F. Hao, Y. Vitasse, X. Zhang, S. Zhou, and C. Zohner
Increased early-season productivity drives earlier peak of vegetation photosynthesis across the Northern Hemisphere Communications Earth & Environment, 6, 1
Zhao, F., W. Shi, J. Xiao, M. Zhao, X. Li, and Y. Wu
Recent weakening of carbon-water coupling in northern ecosystems npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 8, 1
Chen, Y., K. Sebastian Schmidt, H. Chen, S. T. Massie, S. Kulawik, and H. Iwabuchi
Mitigation of satellite OCO-2 CO2 biases in the vicinity of clouds with 3D calculations using the Education and Research 3D Radiative Transfer Toolbox (EaR3T) Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 8, 1859-1884
Fan, D., T. Cheng, H. Zhu, X. Ye, T. Tang, H. Tong, X. Li, and L. Zhang
Pollution-Carbon Synergy Significantly Enhances the Capability of Tracking Power Plants’ CO2 Emissions from Space Environmental Science & Technology, 59, 22, 10919-10928
Gandham, H., H. Dasari, R. Kunchala, R. Karumuri, A. Karumuri, A. G. Prajeesh, M. Venkatraman, M. Saharwardi, and I. Hoteit
Atmospheric carbon dioxide over the Arabian Peninsula: Variability and associated sources Atmospheric Environment, 358, 121316
Qu, W., L. Hu, J. Peñuelas, X. Liang, Y. Li, W. He, and C. Wu
Non-uniform climatic responses of land surface phenology derived from optical-, fluorescence-, and microwave-based satellite observations Remote Sensing of Environment, 325, 114793
Wang, R., X. Qin, Z. P. Du, Y. Liu, Q. Zhao, Z. Jin, and D. Qiang
Improving terrestrial evapotranspiration estimation using physics-guided machine learning model driven by solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Journal of Hydrology, 661, 133468
Feng, L., P. Palmer, L. Smallman, J. Xiao, P. Cristofanelli, O. Hermansen, J. Lee, C. Labuschagne, S. Montaguti, S. M. Noe, S. Platt, X. Ren, M. Steinbacher, and I. Xueref-Remy
The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023 Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 20, 13053-13076
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